Stupňe a progresy
Tak ako každá veda, resp. vedný odpor, tak aj strategický manažment prechádzal rôznymi stupňami progresu. Za obdobie vzniku strategického manažmentu možno pokladať 50-te roky 19. storočia, pričom nosnými zmenami chápania strategického manažmentu v jednotlivých obdobiach boli zmeny v konkurenčnom prostredí podnikov a v samotnom vývoji podnikov.
Základom prvej vývojovej etapy (50-te a 60-te roky 19. storočia) je dlhodobé plánovanie. Významnou črtou tejto etapy je relatívne nemeniace sa konkurenčné prostredie, v dôsledku čoho sa podniky zaoberali skôr skúmaním a zlepšovaním vnútorných procesov, aby efektívnym spôsobom využívali svoje zdroje.
Rozvoj strategického manažmentu
Rozvojom vedy a techniky a taktiež nástupom výraznejších ekonomických zmien v externých podmienkach koncom 60-tych a začiatkom 70-tych rokov 19. storočia, nestačilo byť zameraný len na interné prostredie, ale bolo potrebné skúmať tiež neustále sa meniace externé prostredie v okolí podniku. Dlhodobé plánovanie tak nahradilo plánovanie strategické, ktoré je základom pre stanovovanie cieľov podniku a vytvorenie stratégie ako nástroja na dosiahnutie stanovených cieľov (Sakál, Podskľan, 2004).
V polovici 70-tych rokov 19. storočia sa stanovovanie strategických cieľov a vytváranie stratégií doplnilo o ďalšie funkcie manažmentu, konkrétne o implementáciu, pretože pri strategickom plánovaní sa kládla len veľmi malá pozornosť analýze možností, 8
či je stanovený cieľ splniť a hodnotenie a kontrolu, ktorých úlohou bolo posúdenie, či sú stanovené ciele splnené a zhodnotenie celkového štádia ich splnenia. Doplnením týchto funkcií vznikol ucelený systém strategického manažmentu, ktorý predstavuje tretiu vývojovú etapu.
Začiatkom 90-tych rokov 19. storočia nahrádza systém strategického manažmentu posledná etapa, ktorá do dnešného dňa nemá ustálené pomenovanie. Najčastejšie sa uvádzajú tri pomenovania, konkrétne:
Vypracovanie GDPR dokumentácie od externej firmy šetrí vaše náklady
Na Slovensku vstúpilo GDPR do platnosti 25.5.2018.GDPR je nové nariadenie EP a Rady č. 2016/679 z 27. apríla 2016 o ochrane fyzických osôb pri spracúvaní osobných údajov a o voľnom pohybe týchto údajov. Nečakajte a nechajte si vypracovať GDPR od spoločnosti Safedata.sk, ktorá je jednotkou na trhu. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) výrazne posilní ochranu osobných údajov v EÚ a na Slovensku. Postupne sa zavádzalo do všetkých krajín EU. Za porušenie nových pravidiel EU zaviedlo až likvidačné pokuty.
– strategický manažment založený na zmene (riadenie mien),
– spolupracujúce stratégie,
– superkonkurencia (hyperkonkurencia).
Vznik tejto etapy bol podmienený výraznými zmenami v prostredí, najmä vysokým nárastom konkurencie. Aby bol podnik schopný meniť sa podľa aktuálnej situácie, bolo potrebné prejsť k strategickému manažmentu založenému na zmene. Aby podniky dokázali udržať krok s neustále narastajúcou konkurenciou, začali vytvárať medzi sebou obchodné vzťahy, ktorých základom boli spoločné ciele a strategické rozhodnutia, preto tiež hovoríme o spolupracujúcich stratégiách. Vytvorením partnerstiev sa konkurenčné výhody jednotlivých podnikov spojili do jednej, preto hovoríme o superkonkurencii.
30 thoughts to “Vývojové etapy strategického manažmentu”
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