Strategický manažment
V posledných vývojových etapách je strategický manažment vnímaný ako ucelený a nepretržitý proces vytvárania strategických plánov a zámerov a implementácie v podmienkach neustále sa meniaceho prostredia, čo možno vidieť na Obrázku 4. Proces je zložený zo štyroch samostatných fáz, ktoré však samostatne nemôžu fungovať.
Fázy procesu strategického manažmentu:
Aby tento proces fungoval, je potrebné, aby v rámci každej fázy boli vykonávané určité činnosti (kroky), ktoré v konečnom dôsledku vytvoria strategický manažment. Doplnením Obrázka 4 o jednotlivé kroky, vznikne model strategického manažmentu. Existujúce modely sú spracované v rôznych formách, či už v grafoch, vývojových diagramoch, tabuľkách a pod.
Model strategického manažmentu
Skúmanie prostredia:
Je prvou fázou v modeli strategického manažmentu. Jej úlohou je skúmanie:
– externého prostredia, ktoré môže byť:
o spoločenské – spoločné pre podnikateľské jednotky a organizácie,
o bezprostredné podnikateľské – viaže sa ku konkrétnemu odvetviu
– interného prostredia, ktoré je zamerané na:
o podnikovú štruktúru,
o podnikovú kultúru,
o podnikové zdroje.
Základným poslaním skúmania externého prostredia je identifikácia externých strategických faktorov – príležitostí a hrozieb a poslaním skúmania interného prostredia je identifikácia silných a slabých stránok podniku.
Formulácia stratégie
Ako vidíme z uvedeného modelu, táto fáza sa skladá zo štyroch čiastkových krokov:
– vymedzenie poslania, ktoré určuje zmysel podniku,
– formulácia strategických cieľov, ktoré určujú smerovanie podniku,
– tvorba stratégie ako cesty k splneniu cieľa,
– stanovenie politiky zameranej na implementáciu stratégie.
Prísnejšie pravidlá a vyššie sankcie za nedodržanie GDPR
GDPR predstavuje nový právny rámec ochrany osobných údajov na európskej úrovni. Jeho cieľom je predovšetkým chrániť práva občanov Európskej únie proti neoprávnenému spracovávaniu s ich osobnými alebo citlivými údajmi. Spoločnosť Safedata.sk ponúka od roku 2018 vypracovanie GDPR dokumentácie pre malé a stredné spoločnosti. Európske GDPR nariadenie zaviedlo nové pravidlá, ktoré naviac sprísnili výškami pokút.
Implementácia stratégie
Je treťou fázou v modeli strategického manažmentu, v ktorej sa tvoria ďalšie súčasti stratégie:
– programy – konkretizuje postupy, ktoré je nutné vykonať,
– rozpočty – sú veľmi dôležitou súčasťou, pretože sa zameriavajú na finančnú stránku podniku, ich úlohou je doplniť programy o hodnotové vyjadrenie nákladov, tržieb a pohybu finančných zdrojov,
– procedúry – jednotlivé programy rozpracovávajú do sekcií a rozvíjajú sa strategicky.
Hodnotenie a kontrola
Je poslednou a výstupnou fázou modelu, pričom najdôležitejším faktorom, ktorý využíva je spätná väzba. Funkcie: 16
– monitorovacia,
– poznávacia,
– kontrolná,
– hodnotiaca.
Monitoruje celý proces podľa modelu strategického manažmentu, kontroluje, či boli splnené ciele a zhodnotí ich ako z pohľadu finančného, tak aj z funkčného, pričom najdôležitejším bodom je poskytnutie potrebných informácií, aby sa mohli uskutočniť potrebné zmeny. Využitím spätnej väzby dostáva celý proces strategického manažmentu dynamický a nepretržitý charakter.
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